Possible Mechanism By Which Collagen Intake Can Cause Weight Gain

 

IN BRIEF:

Exogenous collagen leads to --> High levels of collagen in the bloodstream --> Triggers the production of Ghrelin in an attempt to remake the balance --> Ghrelin induces hunger and leads to weight gain.

 

DETAILED: 

Unusually high levels of collagen in the bloodstream will trigger the production of ghrelin hormone, in an attempt to suppress the endogenous collagen production. Ghrelin is called the "hunger hormone" and increases appetite. 

 

Collagen and Ghrelin are both peptides, so perhaps they have some affinity for each other, or use similar mechanisms. 

High collagen deposition impedes the heart and the kidneys to perform their functions, so high collagen in the bloodstream will be fought by various mechanisms, one of them being Ghrelin production.
 

When the body is flooded with exogenous collagen, Ghrelin production increases, in order to help with diminishing the endogenous production of collagen, in a try to rebalance. 

Ghrelin  also decreases thyroid hormone and testosterone. 

Low levels of thyroid hormone and testosterone are well-known for triggering weight gain. 

QUOTES: 

Ghrelin is a hormone that sends a signal to your brain to feel hungry. 

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ghrelin#:~:text=These%20days%2C%20if%20you%20under,intake%20and%20body%20fat%20levels.

Ghrelin is termed the 'hunger hormone' because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake and promotes fat storage.

https://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/ghrelin/#:~:text=Ghrelin%20is%20a%20hormone%20that,intake%20and%20promotes%20fat%20storage.

Ghrelin attenuates collagen production in lesional fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23571102/

Ghrelin levels increase during a diet and intensify hunger, making it hard to lose weight
Ghrelin protects the heart against cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting excessive collagen deposition
Ghrelin inhibits renal fibrosis by attenuating the production of collagen
Ghrelin decreases thyroid hormone and testosterone

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2020/1385138/

Ghrelin - peptide link: Ghrelin is a gastric peptide hormone

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3863518/

Collagen - peptide link: The beginning of collagen synthesis begins with turning on genes which are associated with the formation of a particular alpha peptide

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen

 

Mechanisms of cardiac collagen deposition in experimental models and human disease

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996650/

 

The roles of collagen in chronic kidney disease and vascular calcification

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00109-020-02014-6

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Mask Hypoxia - Ischemic Stroke Possible Link

Mask Hypoxia in Subjects Using Masks to Prevent Infection Spread
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04670484

Hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) is known to be associated with deep vein thrombosis and venous thromboembolism.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4627841/

 
New link between hypoxia and blood clot risk
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180802115657.htm#:~:text=Summary%3A,threatening%20blood%20clots%20(thrombosis).

 
Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks or narrows an artery leading to the brain.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/ischemic-stroke/img-20009031

 
Study shows a possible connection between stroke-like symptoms and coronavirus
by Talia KirklandFriday, May 8th 2020
https://local21news.com/news/local/studies-show-a-possible-connection-between-stroke-like-symptoms-and-coronavirus

 
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, or HIE, is the brain injury caused by oxygen deprivation to the brain, also commonly known as intrapartum asphyxia. 

https://www.cerebralpalsy.org/about-cerebral-palsy/cause/hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy

Acute hypoxemia may result in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
Prolonged hypoxia also causes BBB disruption leading to leaky capillaries which can produce microhemorrhages.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284232/

 
Acute hypoxemia (see also Oxygen Desaturation) may cause dyspnea, restlessness, and anxiety. Signs include confusion or alteration of consciousness, cyanosis, tachypnea, tachycardia, and diaphoresis. Cardiac arrhythmia and coma can result.
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/critical-care-medicine/respiratory-failure-and-mechanical-ventilation/acute-hypoxemic-respiratory-failure-ahrf,-ards?redirectid=8#:~:text=Acute%20hypoxemia%20(see%20also%20Oxygen,arrhythmia%20and%20coma%20can%20result.
 

DECEASED COVID-19 PATIENTS SHOW HYPOXIC INJURY IN THE BRAIN
“Our findings showed high levels of hypoxic-ischemic injury, which is to be expected in patients with severe lung disease,” says Isaac Solomon, MD, PhD, a pathologist in the Brigham’s Department of Pathology.
Autopsies Show Hypoxia, Not Encephalitis
When the brain is deprived of oxygen for an extended period of time, neurons begin to die, which tends to be most evident in the hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Pathologists observed neuronal death in these brain areas of all 18 patients. But there wasn’t any evidence of encephalitis, or acute inflammation in the brain, which is typically seen in arboviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV-1).
“We didn’t see any histological evidence of the virus,” says Dr. Solomon. “With viral encephalitis, we typically see a plethora of lymphocytes and microglia, which destroy virus-infected neurons, but we didn’t see anything like that.”
https://www.brighamhealthonamission.org/2020/07/29/deceased-covid-19-patients-show-hypoxic-injury-in-the-brain/

 
Preliminary report on surgical mask induced deoxygenation during major surgery
https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/neuro/v19n2/3.pdf

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Stress And Inflammation Links

 

Keywords: psychological stress, inflammation, immune response 

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Acute Stress Induces Proinflammatory Signaling at Chronic Inflammation Sites

https://journals.lww.com/psychosomaticmedicine/Abstract/2008/10000/Acute_Stress_Induces_Proinflammatory_Signaling_at.10.aspx

Stress and the inflammatory response: A review of neurogenic inflammation

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889159102000211

The effects of acute psychological stress on circulating inflammatory factors in humans: A review and meta-analysis

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889159107000839

Chronic psychological stress induces vascular inflammation in rabbits

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22428781/

Chronic stress, glucocorticoid receptor resistance, inflammation, and disease risk

https://www.pnas.org/content/109/16/5995.short

Relationship between stress, inflammation and metabolism

https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/Abstract/2004/03000/Relationship_between_stress,_inflammation_and.11.aspx

Chronic psychological stress and the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines: A glucocorticoid-resistance model.

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-18664-001

Psychological Stress in Children May Alter the Immune Response

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/192/5/2071.short

Psychological Stress, Inflammation, and Coronary Heart Disease

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11886-017-0919-x

Precipitants of Brain Infarction
Roles of Preceding Infection/Inflammation and Recent Psychological Stress

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.str.27.11.1999

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Testosterone, DNA Methylation and Brain Plasticity

Male hormones such as testosterone stimulate hair growth, increase size and intensify the growth and pigmentation of hair.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsutism

[...] total testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone were associated with DNA methylation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6295101

DNA methylation-dependent gene expression to neuronal plasticity is well established

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4963592

Today we know that the capacity of the brain to physically change throughout our lifetime is the basis of all adaptation, learning, and memory

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5347979

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Synthetic Hormones In The Food (rGBH) - Myopia Link

On wikipedia at Myopia

 

Education[edit]

A number of studies have shown that myopic individuals attain a higher level of education on average,^[5][6][7] and many studies^[8] have shown a correlation between myopia and a higher intelligence quotient (IQ).

From wikipedia:

 

United States[edit]

Myopia is common in the United States, with research suggesting this condition has increased dramatically in recent decades. In 1971–1972, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey provided the earliest nationally representative estimates for myopia prevalence in the U.S., and found the prevalence in persons aged 12–54 was 25.0%. Using the same method, in 1999–2004, myopia prevalence was estimated to have climbed to 41.6%.^[88]

 

Myopia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Causes[edit]

A 2012 review of animal and human epidemiological studies of heredity and environmental factors could not find strong evidence for any cause, although many theories have been discredited.^[3] Because twins and relatives are more likely to get myopia under similar circumstances, there must be a hereditary factor, but because myopia has been increasing so rapidly throughout the developed world, environmental factors must be more important.;^[4]

Myopia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cows are injected with a hormone called rGBH = recombinant bovine growth hormone

with the purpose to produce more milk

Wikipedia says:

During this process „the effects are mediated by the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, which is upregulated in response to BST or rBST administration in well-fed cows.”

Now let’s see what about IGF:

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are proteins with high sequence similarityto insulin. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor

Insulin-like growth factor 1

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene.^[1][2] 

Its effects were termed "nonsuppressible insulin-like activity" (NSILA) in the 1970s.

 

IGF-1 is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. It plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults.

 

A synthetic analog of IGF-1, mecasermin, is used for the treatment of growth failure.

 

Insulin-like growth factor 1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Back to anabolic from wikipedia:

 

The classic anabolic hormones are the anabolic steroids

 

Also from wikipedia:

Biological significance[edit]

Steroids and their metabolites often function as signalling molecules. The most notable examples are the steroid hormones.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid#Biological_significance

 

 

Now we find this article:

 

Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Growth Hormone Therapy for Short Stature

N Engl J Med 1995; 332:401-402February 9, 1995DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199502093320618

 

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199502093320618

 

Insulin acts as a powerful stimulator of axial myopia in chicks.

Feldkaemper MP¹, Neacsu I, Schaeffel F.

 

 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599564

 

 

Needless to remind that IGF is also carcinogenic: 

Hormones[edit]

The American Cancer Society has reviewed the evidence concerning IGF-1 in milk from rBST treated cows, and found that: "While there may be a link between IGF-1 blood levels and cancer, the exact nature of this link remains unclear. 

Bovine somatotropin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

 

Report on the Food and Drug Administration's Review of the Safety of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin

 

This report was updated on April 23, 2009 to clarify quantities of growth hormone found in milk and those used in the 1989 rat study.

 

SEARCH FOR „APPEAR”! The expression "appears to..." is in the text 5 times, which proves that they have no idea if rGBH is toxic or not.  

 

http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/ProductSafetyInformation/ucm130321.htm

 

Nature Medicine 5, 1390 - 1395 (1999) 

doi :10.1038/70963

Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent retinal neovascularization by insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor

Lois E. H. Smith¹, Wei Shen¹, Carole Perruzzi², Shay Soker³, Fumi Kinose¹, Xianghong Xu¹, Gregory Robinson¹, Sam Driver¹, Joyce Bischoff³, Bei Zhang⁴, James M. Schaeffer⁴ & Donald R. Senger²

Abstract

Although insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been associated with retinopathy, proof of a direct relationship has been lacking. Here we show that an IGF-1 receptor antagonist suppresses retinal neovascularization in vivo, and infer that interactions between IGF-1 and the IGF-1 receptor are necessary for induction of maximal neovascularization by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). IGF-1 receptor regulation of VEGF action is mediated at least in part through control of VEGF activation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, establishing a hierarchical relationship between IGF-1 and VEGF receptors. These findings establish an essential role for IGF-1 in angiogenesis and demonstrate a new target for control of retinopathy. They also explain why diabetic retinopathy initially increases with the onset of insulin treatment. IGF-1 levels, low in untreated diabetes, rise with insulin therapy, permitting VEGF-induced retinopathy.

http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v5/n12/full/nm1299_1390.html

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